The Timescales of Embedded Star Formation as Observed in STARFORGE
Authors: Wainer, Tobin M. ; Dalcanton, Julianne J. ; Grudić, Michael Y. ; Offner, Stella S. R. ;
Smercina, Adam ; Williams, Benjamin F. ; Johnson, L. Clifton ; Peltonen, J. ; Koch, Eric W. ; Neralwar, Kartik R.
et al.
Bibcode: 2025arXiv250918322W
Description: Using the STARFORGE simulations, we analysed the evolution of embeddedness, identifying what drives emergence of stars. We find the transition from embedded to exposed is fast for individual stars, within 1.3 Myr after the star reaches its maximum mass. Our results suggest that deeply embedded star-forming clusters tend to be rare compared to those partially exposed.
OGHReS: Star formation in the Outer Galaxy II (ℓ = 180°-280°)
Authors: Urquhart, J. S. ; König, C. ; Colombo, D. ; Karska, A ;
Giannetti, A. ; Moore, T. J. T. ; Yang, A. Y. ; Wyrowski, F. ; Sun, Y. ; Jiang, Z. ; Neralwar, K. R. ; Eden, D. ; Grozdanova, I. ; Neupane, S. ; Figueira, M. ; Dann, E. ; Veena, V. S. ; Kim, W. -J. ; Leurini, S. ; Brand, J. ; Lee, M. -Y.
et al.
Bibcode: 2025MNRAS.539.3105U
Description: The Outer Galaxy High-Resolution Survey (OGHReS) covers 100 square degrees ( 180° <l <280° ) in the (2–1) transitions of three CO-isotopologues. We used the spectra to refine the velocities and physical properties to 6706 Hi-GAL clumps located in the OGHReS region. Key findings: (i) improved correlation between clumps and spiral arm loci and the discovery of clumps beyond the outer arm supports the existence of a new spiral structure; (ii) decreasing trend in the L/M-ratio consistent with less high-mass star formation in the outer Galaxy; (iii) increase in the star formation fraction in the outer Galaxy, suggesting that more clumps are forming stars despite their lower mass; (iv) discrepancies in velocity assignments across different surveys that could affect ∼10000 clumps, especially in the fourth quadrant.
Large-scale velocity-coherent filaments in the SEDIGISM survey: Association with spiral arms and the fraction of dense gas
Authors: Ge, Y. ; Wang, K. ; Duarte-Cabral, A. ; Pettitt, A. R. ; Dobbs, C. L. ;
Sánchez-Monge, A.; Neralwar, K. R.; Urquhart, J. S.; Colombo, D.; Durán-Camacho, E.; Beuther, H.; Bronfman, L.; Rigby, A. J.; Eden, D.; Neupane, S.; Barnes, P.; Henning, T.; Yang, A. Y.
et al.
Bibcode: 2023A&A...675A.119G
Description: This work explores the automatic identification of large scale filament in the inner Galaxy. We used a modified minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm to chain parsec-scale 13CO clumps previously extracted from SEDIGISM survey, generating a catalogue of 88 large-scale (> 10 pc) filaments, of which eight run along Galactic spiral arms and can be considered as bones of the Milky Way.
The SEDIGISM survey: The influence of spiral arms on the molecular gas distribution of the inner Milky Way
Authors: Colombo, D. ; Duarte-Cabral, A. ; Pettitt, A. R. ; Urquhart, J. S. ;
Wyrowski, F.; Csengeri, T.; Neralwar, K. R.; Schuller, F.; Menten, K. M.; Anderson, L.; Barnes, P.; Beuther, H.; Bronfman, L.; Eden, D.; Ginsburg, A.; Henning, T.; König, C.; Lee, M. -Y.; Mattern, M.; Medina, S.; Ragan, S. E.; Rigby, A. J.; Sánchez-Monge, Á.; Traficante, A.; Yang, A. Y.; Wienen, M.
et al.
Bibcode: 2022A&A...663A..56N
Description: In order to shed light on uncertainties surrounding the structure of Milky Way, we studied the imprint of spiral arms on the distribution and properties of its molecular gas. The molecular gas emission associated with the spiral arms does not differ significantly from the emission between the arms, but the molecular mass in the spiral arms is a factor of 1.5 higher than that of the inter-arm. By comparing our results with simulations and observations of nearby galaxies, we concluded that the measured quantities would classify the Milky Way as a flocculent spiral galaxy, rather than as a grand-design one.
